IRRC No. 859

The meaning of Moscow: "Non-lethal" weapons and international law in the early 21st century

Reading time 11 min read
Download PDF
This article is also available in

This article analyses the relationship between "non-lethal" weapons and international law in the early 21st century by focusing on the most seminal incident to date in the short history of the "non-lethal" weapons debate, the use of an incapacitating chemical to end a terrorist attack on a Moscow theatre in October 2002.

Download PDF

Continue reading #IRRC No. 859

All articles

The meaning of Moscow: "Non-lethal" weapons and international law in the early 21st century author: David P. Fidler

11 min read

Neurobiology: A case study of the imminent militarization of biology author: Mark Wheelis, Malcolm Dando

6 min read

Model law: the Biological and Toxin Weapons Crimes Act author: Christopher B. Harland, Angela Woodward

3 min read

National implementation of international humanitarian law – Biannual update, January to June 2005 author:

3 min read

Books and articles (Autumn 2005) author:

1 min read

Go back to the first article

More about International Review of the Red Cross, Methods and means of warfare

article IRRC No. 914

Editorial, Emerging voices: Increasing the diversity of voices featured in the International Review of the Red Cross author: Bruno Demeyere

5 min read
article IRRC No. 911

33rd International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent: Geneva, 9-12 December 2019: Resolutions author:

16 min read
article IRRC No. 911

Book Review: International Humanitarian Law: Rules, Controversies and Solutions to Problems Arising in Warfare author: Geoffrey S. Corn

18 min read

More from David P. Fidler

article IRRC No. 866

Governing catastrophes: security, health and humanitarian assistance author: David P. Fidler

8 min read