IRRC No. 904

移民和数据保护：流离失所问题严重、监控无处不在和“大数据”的时代背景下，“不伤害”原则的坚守

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本文探讨了人道组织在向难民、国内流离失所者和移民提供援助的过程中，在数据保护方面面临的主要挑战。对人道组织而言，由于下列几项原因，这些挑战尤其严峻：人道领域开始重视数据保护的时间相对较晚；人道组织正在面临需要快速创新的压力；很多这些创新所依赖的全球通信架构在本质上容易受到国家监控；各国正在部署日益先进的强制手段阻止非正常移民，并且/或者迫使人道组织接受监控，其工作受到影响。本文第一部分概述了当今数据驱动的移民控制模式给基本权利带来的诸多挑战。第二部分概述“数据驱动的人道主义”和“大规模监控”方面令人担忧的问题，显示人道组织如何可能在无意间使这些问题更加严重。第三部分评估了人道组织所面临的具体数据保护方面的挑战，介绍了它们为应对这些挑战而采取的政策和做法。文章最后简要描述了人道组织在遵守法律和履行道德义务方面的技术和政治动态，并呼吁整个领域共同努力，扩大数据保护规范的适用范围，禁止国家网络攻击行为。

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